–exclude works reliable for me. can you give us an example of an --exclude and the file name that tar outputs when adding it?

Windows, macOS and a ton of other Linux distros do that as well.

First of all, windows and macOS are not for free. They cost extra money, sometimes hidden in the PC cost when pre-installed. When they do a major update, like Win10 to 11, you are at their mercy, if your license can be used to upgrade. Often it can, but sometimes your PC is not “Windows 11 ready” or so and then you get updates for your old system for a few more years until they drop you like a hot potato and throw you to the malware wolves.

Additionally, in Windows the automatic updates are just for the OS itself and some apps from its store. A few apps like Chrome and FF install their own extra update service on top. A lot of other programs check for updates individually or some not at all and often you have to download and run their installer for every update. Idk how it is in macOS tho. Haven’t used it in years.

Yes, a ton of other Linux distros also have background unattended-upgrade or similar. However, the people who choose Ubuntu over those are usually looking for a quick solution that almost always just installs without problems. They usyally don’t have time or patience for any complications, however small. So they choose the fire-and-forget Linux and additionally have greater chances to find a fix or help in the super rare case it doesn’t work, because the bigger user base increases the likelyhood someone else is familiar or has infos regarding that exotic issue.

it’s kinda the fire-and-forget of OSes. you just press the update/upgrade button when the unattended-upgrade didn’t catch all and it just works for free and forever.

maybe koreader has an error and that causes the autologin session to end and you go to login.

another problem could be another login thingy started first and greetd can’t use the tty. check inittab

You can always boot from a live medium, chroot into it and fix stuff, e.g. a live USB or CD/DVD. They can be created from Windows.

make sure to make the first backup before you use deduplication. just in case it goes sideways

don’t share /boot

it contains stuff from the distro for booting and configuring/installing a boot loader. if both garble their stuff in there it will likely break.

only fans? 😆

VMs and RDP usually have a client side toggle to capture the keyboard, so all keys go into it, except one control key. it usyally has a client side toolbar button, menu entry and key combo.

on a totally different system and different app i had similar issues after an update. my solution was to run the app with a java version closer to what it was compiled for, which is not helpful for you. however, i think it was related to gtk/gnome libs having been updated (the app was using the file picker with gtk “look and feel”)

you can even mount the image as a loop device (i suggest read only (ro)) to extract files

make a backup

that’s very convenient and likely enough (but not 100% like a backup on something you can disconnect from the computer)

make sure you have a backup

you should already have backups which will let you restore the system with everything you need. your post indicates you don’t have one. what if some malware or hardware failure fucks it up or so? create a backup strategy that works for you. it will also give you the freedom to do experiments like this. best of luck.

it has a gazillion commands built in, e.g. esc,d,d to delete a line. they memorized a lot of them and think that’s how you should edit text

in theory, a virus can hide from them if it replaces (or LD_PRELOADs) them with something that filters the virus from its output.

those task viewers will show everything running, except some kernel modules, because they are part of the kernel.

also fast cron jobs will only be visible for a very short time. only while they run. if they run for like 250ms you probably won’t notice them.

I’m pretty sure the history command outputs only commands from the shell/tab it’s invoked in plus the commands already saved to the shells history file. Commands are not always saved to the file immediately. So to make 100% sure, you have to clean exit all shells before using history.

You can easily test this by using a unique command (like: echo 123) in one shell and history in another.

Also the shell probably has a man page detailing config options that affect the history.

me? i didn’t recommend that. if you have your wifi, you could update now. however, if you don’t have a backup yet, you should 100% make one. i always make fresh backups before a dist upgrade. (everyone hates the way I’m doing it, but it works really well. i just tar every important fs with --one-file-system on a 1TB USB stick. if they don’t break at writing, they will be able to store the data much longer than i would need.) meaning, in your situation I would already have one and it sounds like you forgot that step, but idk.

i think you have to start the service that configures your network. maybe you have to load the kernel module for the wifi adapter before that, idk.

however, it’s weird you have to do this from initramfs . why doesn’t it boot further?

also, shouldn’t there be the old kernel and old initramfs from before the upgrade still available in your boot manager to choose somehow after the BIOS is done?